Tuesday, 7 March 2017
Wednesday, 6 November 2013
Tuesday, 23 July 2013
Thursday, 16 May 2013
Historical aspect of tensions between India and China
Switching
gears a bit, my thoughts go out to the steadily rising escalation between India
and China. While India is rightfully expression anguish over its troops
marching 10 kms inside its borders and not letting go of the Daulat Beg Oldi
(DBO) area in Ladakh, China has stuck to its version that there has been no
intrusion of Chinese troops within India’s boundaries. Following up with this
intrusions, came the report of two Chinese helicopters flying hundreds of
kilometers into Indian airspace at Chumar (to the southeast of Leh).
Historically,
the two emerging superpowers have co-existed peacefully in their earliest days
(India and China have two of the world’s oldest civilizations). Starting with
the famed Silk Route, there has always been a positive tone of cooperation
between the two nations as far as trade and economic ties are concerned. Even
with the daunting Himalayan ranges bordering and separating the two countries,
there has been no shortage of border-related disputes between India and China.
Contemporary historical period is filled with three distinct periods of border
related military clashes between the two nations:
1.
Sino-Indian
war of 1962: Started with China’s infiltration of
the 3000 km long Himalayan border, it involved coordinated offensives launched
by Chinese army. The war reached an end with a declaring of ceasefire by China
and the subsequent withdrawal of its troops from the disputed area
2.
Chola
incident (1967): Triggered by the intrusion of
People’s Liberation Army of China into Sikkim (at that time, a protectorate
that was elf governed but its interests was protected by India). The day long
conflict ended with the retreat of the PLA from Sikkim
3.
1987
Sino-Indian conflict: Following a ramp up of presence of
India forces across the Line of Actual Control on the Indo-China border, there
was severe deterioration of relations between the two countries. After India’s
granting of statehood to Arunachal Pradesh, this led to a danger of a war
between them. Finally both governments realized the need for de-escalating the
conflict and phased out the heavy army presence on the border regions
In
the current context there are two territories that are at the center of
Indo-China disputes – Arunachal Pradesh (located near far-east India) and Aksai
Chin (located at the north-west corner of India). Both China and India lay
claim to the disputed regions without conceding it to the other. On the other
end of the spectrum both countries acknowledge the need for a strong bilateral
tie that was further strengthened by the recent meeting of Chinese Premier Wen
Jiabao with India’s Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. A significant cornerstone of
this meet is the signing of pact to increase bilateral trade to 100 billion
dollars by 2015
Resource: website content writing services
Resource: website content writing services
Monday, 6 May 2013
False Positives and False Negatives in Software Testing
Simply put,
False Positive is the situation when the functionality is
working, but yet it is marked as ‘failed’ in testing/practical application
False Negative is the situation when the functionality is
not working, but yet it is marked as ‘passed’ in testing/practical application
Real-life examples
1. Software coding: Thorough testing results in correct and valid
code to get rejected (due to mismatch of understanding between coder and tester)
2. Healthcare sector: Low-cost medical tests administered detects illness
that warrants further elaborate testing (which then reveals absence of the
illness)
3. Government administration: Pre-election poll roundup denotes win of a
particular candidate who will be defeated by a significant margin in the actual
elections
4. Airport security: Metal detector sounds off an alarm on presence of a
small coin (sensing it to be a weapon)
5. Anti-virus: The most popular form of ‘false positive’ is when an
anti-virus blocks a safe program (or .exe file) thinking it to be a potential
threat.
Steps to detect ‘falses’
1. Change the input or the sample so that the behavior changes with this
new sample. Changing the test data will point out to deviations in working of
the code and hence alert us of the ‘false positives’ or ‘false negatives’
2. Do a rigorous testing on dummy or test data (complete with all minor
details) so that code performance can be monitored in an alternative
environment of variables and data
3. Provide for automating the actions, process or steps. Since automation
looks for pattern in data and then performs a pre-defined action, this step can
be crucial in trapping the ‘falses’
Which of the two are most dangerous?
It depends on the level of efforts required to detect such
‘falses’.
False positive will be pointed as an error (and will stop
the program execution) even when it is safe. On the other hand, false negative
will continue running the program even though it should’ve been stopped when it
encountered the error bit.
Hence, owing the detection level, false negative is the more
dangerous of the two, as there is no indicator alerting us that there is
something wrong in the programming.
Resource: Content Writing Services India
Resource: Content Writing Services India
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